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{"id":3583,"date":"2018-01-12T22:38:03","date_gmt":"2018-01-12T22:38:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/?p=3583"},"modified":"2018-01-12T23:15:20","modified_gmt":"2018-01-12T23:15:20","slug":"a-french-tragedy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/2018\/01\/12\/a-french-tragedy\/","title":{"rendered":"A French Tragedy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Arrested as a\u00a0Jew\u00a0under the racial laws, Novelist Irene Nemirovsky,\u00a0 died at\u00a0Auschwitz\u00a0at the age of 39. Successful in her day, she is now best known for the posthumously published\u00a0Suite fran\u00e7aise.\u00a0How France sent its greatest chronicler of the Nazi occupation to her death.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>By Alex Kershaw &#8211; Author of\u00a0 &#8216;The Bedford Boys&#8217;, &#8216; Avenue of Spies&#8217; and &#8216;The Liberator&#8217;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-3584\" src=\"https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/nemirovsky2-600x358.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"358\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn life, as on a shipwrecked boat, you have to cut off the hands of anyone who tries to hang on. Alone, you can stay afloat. If you waste time saving other people, you\u2019re finished.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Irene Nemirovsky, author of Suite Francaise.<\/p>\n<p>On 11 July 1942, 39-year-old Irene Nemirovsky walked alone through beautiful countryside near Issy-l\u2019Eveque, a village in the Bourgogne around two hundred miles south of Paris. Her home was a large building near a former livestock building in the village, just a short walk from the local police station. She had a wonderful view of the Morvan hills. Her husband, Michel, grew beetroot and other vegetables in a large garden nearby and so she and her two daughters had not gone hungry.<\/p>\n<p>The Russian-born writer was a striking woman with large, highly intelligent eyes, her dark hair usually pulled back from her broad forehead. That day, she felt unusually carefree, her sense of dread and doom having abated. She had been forced to write these last months in minute lettering because of a shortage of paper and was near completing what would be her masterpiece, to be titled Suite Francaise. But as a Jewish author she could no longer publish her work and she had little hope, if any, of ever seeing it in print. Nor could she ride a bicycle or take a train to her beloved Paris, which she had fled in 1940 just ahead of the German advance.<br \/>\n<script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><br \/>\n<!-- Vierkant Responsive --><br \/>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display: block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3607132294366157\" data-ad-slot=\"6537569224\" data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins><br \/>\n<script>\n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/p>\n<p>She had recently been reading the journal of the writer Katherine Mansfield and had noted certain lines that matched her own mood: \u201cJust when one thinks: \u201cNow I\u2019ve touched the bottom of the sea \u2013 now I can\u2019t go down any lower,\u201d one sinks deeper still. And so on for ever.\u201d But she did not feel that way today, 11 July 1942, as she walked in the woods near her home. Pine trees towered above her as she down on her blue cardigan, which she had laid on a dank blanket of rotting leaves. She had a copy of the novel Anna Karenina and an orange in her bag. She listened to a steady drone of honeybees. Later that day, she would pen her last words in a letter to her editor in Paris: \u201cI\u2019ve written a great deal lately. I suppose they will be posthumous books but it still makes the time go by.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Two days later, on Monday 13 July, the weather was again superb. It was around 10am when a car stopped in the Place du Monument aux Morts in Issy-l\u2019Eveque. There was the sound of footsteps then a knock on the door. Two French policemen had a summons with them. Irene\u2019s two children were with her and her husband. One was called Denise. She heard her parents go into their bedroom. Irene asked her husband to do all he could to secure her release through contacts with important people in Paris, those with connections to the Germans, especially high profile collaborators. There was a \u201cdense silence\u201d, recalled Denise, and then the gendarmes allowed her to kiss her mother goodbye. Irene threw a few things into a suitcase. Her voice frail, she told her children she had to go away for a while. Denise looked at her father. He was clearly very upset but he did not cry. Finally, Denise heard a car door slam shut and then the \u201cdense silence\u201d returned.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-3585\" src=\"https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/nemirovsky-600x338.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/nemirovsky-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/nemirovsky.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Irene was taken to a police station at Toulon-sur-Arroux, ten miles away. The next day, Irene wrote to her husband: \u201cIf you can send me anything, I think my second pair of glasses in the other suitcase (in the wallet). Books, please, and also if possible a bit of salted butter. Goodbye, my love!\u201d Before they could be arrested, Irene\u2019s children, Denise and Elizabeth, were taken to a safe house. They would miraculously survive the war. Meanwhile, Michel contacted anyone who might be able to help him secure Irene\u2019s release. He was convined that some of his contacts, such as Rene de Chambrun and other \u201cinfluential friends\u201d, would exert pressure and save his wife.<br \/>\n<script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><br \/>\n<!-- Vierkant Responsive --><br \/>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display: block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3607132294366157\" data-ad-slot=\"6537569224\" data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins><br \/>\n<script>\n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/p>\n<p>The following evening, 14 July, Paul Epstein, Irene\u2019s brother in law, had a face-to- face meeting with a prominent collaborator, a corporate lawyer called Rene de Chambrun, in Paris. It was Bastille Day but there had been no national celebration. Two days later, Epstein was in turn arrested. Andre Sabatier, Irene\u2019s editor, tried to contact Rene de Chambrun, calling him urgently on the phone several times. It is not known if Rene returned any of the calls.<\/p>\n<p>Paul Epstein was one of thousands caught up in the mass arrests that came to be known as the Grand Rafle, which began on the night of July 16 and lasted well into the following day as 13,152 Parisian Jews, including 4000 children, were arrested and around half of them taken to the Vel d\u2019Hiver, a large velodrome beside the Seine. The round up, carried out with great efficiency by the French police, was the only thing people all over the talked about, it seemed, in every food line, office and hospital ward. The screams of Jews committing suicide pierced the terrible quiet in some quartiers. The famous German writer, Ernst Junger, serving in Paris, noted with matter of fact precision in his diary that he had heard \u201cwailing in the streets\u201d as families were literally torn apart, with adults being separated from their young children.<\/p>\n<p>The medical conditions at the Vel D\u2019Hiver, it was soon learned, were utterly atrocious. There were no lavatories. There was only one water tap for over seven thousand people. According to one account: \u201cIt was a rafle conducted in keeping with the best of French conditions, for at noon the policemen returned to their posts to have lunch while higher-ranked and better paid set off to nearby restaurants. Only after the sacred dejeuner could the manhunt continue.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Women\u2019s cries could soon be heard throughout the Vel D\u2019Hiver. \u201cOn a soif!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe\u2019re thirsty!\u201d they called out.<\/p>\n<p>Only two doctors were allowed inside the Velodrome, equipped with little more than aspirin. After five days, those incarcerated were transferred in cattle trucks to camps at Pithiviers, Beaune-la-Rolande and Drancy, a modernist high-rise development built in the 1930s also known as La Cit\u00e9 de la Muette \u2013 the City of Silence.<\/p>\n<p>A young Parisian called Annette Monod watched a batch of young children, who had been separated from their parents, as they were taken by French police from the City of Silence: \u201cThe gendarmes tried to have a roll call. But children and names did not correspond. Rosenthal, Biegelmann, Radetski \u2013 it all meant nothing to them. They did not understand what was wanted of them, and several even wandered away from the group. That was how a little boy approached a gendarme, to play with the whistle hanging at his belt: a little girl made off to a small bank on which a few flowers were growing, and she picked some to make a bunch. The gendarmes did not know what to do. Then the order came to escort the children to the railway station nearby, without insisting on the roll call.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-3586\" src=\"https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/nemirovsky-irene-425x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"425\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/nemirovsky-irene-425x600.jpg 425w, https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/nemirovsky-irene-768x1084.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/nemirovsky-irene-726x1024.jpg 726w, https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/nemirovsky-irene.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>On 27 July, Irene Nemirovsky\u2019s husband Michel wrote a letter to German ambassador in Paris, Otto Abetz: \u201cI believe you alone can save my wife. I place in you my last hope.\u201d To make sure the letter was delivered to Abetz, Michel sent it to his wife\u2019s editor in Paris, asking him to pass it on to Rene de Chambrun for forwarding to Abetz. The next day, Irene\u2019s editor duly sent the letter to Chambrun who may or may not have passed it on.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, along Avenue Foch and elsewhere, trucks loaded down with furniture and other Jewish possessions could be seen after deported Jews\u2019 homes were ransacked. The looters belonged to the Einsatzstab Rosenberg, actually headquartered on Avenue Foch. Eventually, according to the Nazis, this looting saw 69,619 Jewish homes, 38,000 of which were in Paris, \u201cemptied of everything in daily or ornamental use.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>At the end of July, after over 14,000 Parisian Jews had been rounded up, the Catholic Church in Paris made a belated appeal to Pierre Laval on the children\u2019s behalf. But the Vichy premier was adamant: \u201cThey all must go.\u201d And they did. Less than four percent of those sent to the east returned. Not one was a child. Those responsible for this genocide later claimed they had no idea that the deportations were in fact to death camps, not some mythical Jewish haven.<br \/>\n<script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><br \/>\n<!-- Vierkant Responsive --><br \/>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display: block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3607132294366157\" data-ad-slot=\"6537569224\" data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins><br \/>\n<script>\n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><br \/>\nIt was a shameful time for France, especially for those who had actively collaborated with the SS and Gestapo. Their new German friends were part of something monstrous \u2013 the mass murder of their fellow French citizens. It was impossible to pretend one did not know what was happening. Indeed, those with the best connections to the Nazi regime found themselves begged by relatives and others to do something given their influence. At the height of the deportations, Josee Laval, the wife of Rene de Chambrun, was fully aware of the tragedy. She received two letters asking her to help save Jewish friends of friends. Yet she remained utterly self-involved. On the first day of the round up, she had complained in her diary that her beloved father, Pierre Laval, the head of the Vichy regime, was \u201ctoo busy\u201d to have dinner with her. She did not mention why.<\/p>\n<p>Her husband was as guilty of inaction as Josee. He had been begged in person to help save Irene Nemirovsky. He had the power to do so given his close connection to German ambassador Otto Abetz who had allowed the Vichy official Fernand de Brinon\u2019s Jewish wife to avoid deportation in 1941. Indeed, with the right connections, it was possible to buy or trade anyone\u2019s release. And he knew it. Rene also counted the smooth-talking Rene Bousquet, head of the French police, as an old friend, having belonged to the same rugby team in his youth. Yet there is not a shred of evidence to indicate that Rene took take up Nemirovsky\u2019s case with either Abetz or Bousquet.<\/p>\n<p>It was later learned that Nemirovsky, listed as \u201ca woman of letters\u201d, was deported from France on 16 July 1942 along with 119 other women. Her train had left promptly at 6.15am and arrived on 19 July at Auschwitz. Aged just 39, the author or the finest novel of the German occupation, Suite Francaise, breathed her last after just four weeks at the death camp. Two months later, the US government offered to provide refuge to a thousand Jewish children whose parents had, like Nemirovsky, been deported. Pierre Laval insisted that only \u201ccertified orphans\u201d could leave for the US. Since nothing was officially known of the fate of the deported parents, the children were not allowed to go to the US. Most would die in the gas chambers. Nemirovsky\u2019s husband, Michel Epstein, fared no better. He was arrested on 9 October 1942 and sent to Auschwitz. As with 77,000 other Jews in France, he would never return.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/alexkershawauthor.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3144 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/Kershaw-blog-600x348.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"348\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/Kershaw-blog-600x348.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/Kershaw-blog-768x446.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/Kershaw-blog.jpg 941w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Arrested as a\u00a0Jew\u00a0under the racial laws, Novelist Irene Nemirovsky,\u00a0 died at\u00a0Auschwitz\u00a0at the age of 39. Successful in her day, she is now best known for the posthumously published\u00a0Suite fran\u00e7aise.\u00a0How France sent its greatest chronicler of the Nazi occupation to her death. By Alex Kershaw &#8211; Author of\u00a0 &#8216;The Bedford Boys&#8217;, &#8216; Avenue of Spies&#8217; and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3585,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[106,128],"tags":[299,53],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.12 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>A French Tragedy - World War Media<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/2018\/01\/12\/a-french-tragedy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A French Tragedy - World War Media\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Arrested as a\u00a0Jew\u00a0under the racial laws, Novelist Irene Nemirovsky,\u00a0 died at\u00a0Auschwitz\u00a0at the age of 39. Successful in her day, she is now best known for the posthumously published\u00a0Suite fran\u00e7aise.\u00a0How France sent its greatest chronicler of the Nazi occupation to her death. By Alex Kershaw &#8211; Author of\u00a0 &#8216;The Bedford Boys&#8217;, &#8216; Avenue of Spies&#8217; and [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/2018\/01\/12\/a-french-tragedy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"World War Media\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-01-12T22:38:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-01-12T23:15:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/nemirovsky.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"700\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"394\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Reg Jans\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Reg Jans\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/2018\/01\/12\/a-french-tragedy\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/2018\/01\/12\/a-french-tragedy\/\",\"name\":\"A French Tragedy - World War Media\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2018-01-12T22:38:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-01-12T23:15:20+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/#\/schema\/person\/dd608fbb521b241114a668c93d0cb03a\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/2018\/01\/12\/a-french-tragedy\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/2018\/01\/12\/a-french-tragedy\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/2018\/01\/12\/a-french-tragedy\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"A French Tragedy\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/\",\"name\":\"World War Media\",\"description\":\"World War Media\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/#\/schema\/person\/dd608fbb521b241114a668c93d0cb03a\",\"name\":\"Reg Jans\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/84d2c3a0c4606ab615034fc45ef464b1?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/84d2c3a0c4606ab615034fc45ef464b1?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Reg Jans\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/author\/admin\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"A French Tragedy - World War Media","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.worldwarmedia.com\/2018\/01\/12\/a-french-tragedy\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"A French Tragedy - World War Media","og_description":"Arrested as a\u00a0Jew\u00a0under the racial laws, Novelist Irene Nemirovsky,\u00a0 died at\u00a0Auschwitz\u00a0at the age of 39. Successful in her day, she is now best known for the posthumously published\u00a0Suite fran\u00e7aise.\u00a0How France sent its greatest chronicler of the Nazi occupation to her death. 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